Combined treatment of perianal condyloma acuminatum inHIV seropositive men who have sex with men with microwave and photo-dynamic therapy / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the clinical features of perianal condyloma acuminatum in HIV infected men who have sex with men (MSM) and assess the effects of combined treatment of microwave and photodynamic therapy.@*Methods@#Clinical and laboratory data of 260 male patients with perianal condyloma acuminatum were collected and microwave combined with photodynamic therapy was applied on them.@*Results@#The majority of the patients with perianal condyloma acuminatum were young people (243/260). Warts were mainly located in the anus or from the outside to inside of the anus (245/260). Among them, the proportion of warts position of extraanal in HIV-infected group (8/220) was lower than that of non-HIV-infected group (7/40). HPV types 11 (70/118), 6 (44/118) and 16 (40/118) were the most common types of HPV infection. People with HIV infection were more likely to develop high-risk, mixed types HPV infection and multiple HPV infection than those without HIV infection. More than half of the patients (146/260) needed only 1-3 sessions of photodynamic treatments. There was no significant difference in the times of photodynamic treatments and the numbers of photosensitizers required between the HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected groups. The recurrence rate of HIV-infected group (13.6%, 30/220) was also similar to that of non-HIV-infected group (15.0%, 6/40), but far lower than those who underwent microwave therapy alone (45%, 18/40).@*Conclusions@#The combination therapy significantly reduced the recurrence rate of perianal condyloma acuminatum in HIV infected MSM.

Sedentarismo y Sobrepeso/Obesidad asociados a la prevalencia de infección por Virus de Papiloma Humano de alto riesgo en mujeres de la zona norte de Bucaramanga / Sedentary lifestyle and overweight/obesity associated with prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus in vulnerable population from north region of Bucaramanga

Resumen Introducción: Para el desarrollo de cáncer de cuello de uterino la infección con el Virus de Papiloma Humano (VPH) es una causa necesaria. Sin embargo, la eliminación viral está asociada a múltiples factores, algunos modificables y otros no, que varían según las características poblacionales y áreas geográficas. Objetivo: Determinar factores asociados a la prevalencia de infección por virus de Papiloma Humano de alto riesgo en mujeres entre 35-65 años con riesgo moderado o alto de cáncer de cuello uterino de la zona norte de Bucaramanga. Metodología: Estudio analítico de corte transversal. A las mujeres clasificadas como de moderado/alto riesgo para cáncer de cuello uterino en una encuesta corta estandarizada, se les realizó una encuesta sobre factores potenciales asociados a infección, seguida de una autónoma de muestra cervical, que se utilizó para detección de DNA viral. Se realizó análisis múltiple de regresión log-binomial para obtener Razones de Prevalencia ajustadas (RPa). Resultados: Se entrevistaron 810 mujeres, de éstas 435 tuvieron moderado/alto riesgo para cáncer y se realizaron la autotoma. La prevalencia de infección por VPH de alto riesgo fue de 5,1% (IC 95% 3,2-7,6). El sedentarismo (RPa 2,51; IC95% 1,15-5,50) y el sobrepeso/obesidad (PRa 4,20; IC95% 1,00-15,51) se asociaron a mayor prevalencia. Además, hubo una tendencia de incremento en la prevalencia de infección en las usuarias de anticonceptivos inyectables; así como una tendencia de disminución de esta prevalencia según porciones de frutas y verduras consumidas diariamente. Conclusión: Factores modificables como sedentarismo y sobrepeso/obesidad, se asociaron independientemente a mayor prevalencia de infección por VPH en la población estudiada.

Abstract Introduction: Infection with Human Papillomavirus is mandatory for cervical cancer development. However, viral elimination is associated to multiple factors, according to the population characteristics and geographic areas, some are modifiable and others not. Objective: To determine the factors associated with the prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus infection in women between 35-65 years old with moderate or high risk of cervical cancer located at the northern zone of Bucaramanga. Methodology: Cross-sectional analytical study. Women classified as moderate/ high risk for cervical cancer in a short standardized survey, were surveyed on the side effects associated to chronic viral infection and self-sampling cervical test. Bivariate analysis and multiple analysis of log-binomial regression were performed. Results: 810 women were interviewed; 435 cases of high cancer risk were presented. The prevalence of high risk human papilloma virus infection was 5.1% (95% CI 3.2-7.6). The sedentary lifestyle (RPa 2.51, 95% CI 1.15-5.50) and overweight/obesity (PRa 4.20, 95% CI 1.00-15.51) were associated with higher prevalence. In addition, there was a trend of increased prevalence of infection among users of injectable contraceptives; as well as a tendency to decrease this prevalence according to portions of fruits and vegetables consumed daily. Conclusion: modifiable factors such as sedentary lifestyle and overweight / obesity were independently associated with a higher prevalence of infection by human high risk papilloma virus in the population studied.

Detection of HPV antibodies in the serum specimens of esophageal cancer patients in Chaoshan region / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To detect the presence of HPV associated antibodies in the serum of patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer in Chaoshan region and to provide data that could possibly be used as reference for the monitoring of patients with esophageal cancer.@*Methods@#The pSecTag recombinant vectors containing the HPV16 E6/E7 and HPV18 E6/E7 genes were constructed respectively to express HPV16 E6/E7 and HPV18 E6/E7 fusion proteins in 293 cell line after transfecting the cell line. Immunoenzymatic method was employed with the fusion proteins as antigen to detect IgG antibody against HPV in serum of 76 esophageal cancer patients and 149 normal persons undergoing health checkup. In addition, the same sera were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method using L1 as antigen.@*Results@#Only one esophageal cancer patient’s serum presented as positive for IgG by immunoenzyme technique when E6/E7 was used as antigen. However, when the L1 was used as antigen in ELISA assay, 37 of the 76 cases of esophageal cancer patients (48.7%) were HPV antibody-positive. Among the 149 health checkup persons, 79 (53.0%) were HPV antibody-positive. No significant difference was found between the two groups (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#HPV related antibodies in the serum remain inapplicable as a screening tool for serological detection of esophageal cancer. Further research is needed to understand the role and diagnostic applications of HPV infection in esophageal cancer.

Typing analysis and detection of HPV for condyloma acuminata tissues of perianal / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To learn the prevalence of HPV infection and its genotypes distribution in perianal warts, discuss the association between HPV infection and age and gender, and assess the methodology performance of PCR-reverse dot blot(PCR-RDB) to detect HPV.@*Methods@#HPV genotypes were detected in 316 paraffin specimens of confirmed or suspected perianal condyloma acuminata(CA) patients, including 58 cases for HPV DNA sequencing.@*Results@#The HPV infection rate in 316 patients was 81.6%. The first fifth genotypes of single HPV infection were HPV11, 6, 18, 16 and 33. HPV6+ 11, HPV6+ 11+ 16 and HPV6+ 18 were more common in mixed infection. The highest HPV infection rate was from the males aged below 35 years. Regarding the sequencing result as a gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PCR-RDB in HPV were 92.31%, 89.47% and 91.38% respectively.@*Conclusions@#The proportion of HPV crissum infection in young male was quite high, the major pathogenic types were HPV 11, 6, 18, 16 and 33. The PCR-RDB method can meet the needs of clinical diagnosis of HPV.

Clinical observation of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia with high risk HPV infection after LEEP treatment / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the curative effect of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) on cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia(CIN) infected with high risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV).Methods 80 CIN patients with HPV infection underwent LEEP were selected.HR-HPV DNA load was detected before operation and 3 months after operation,and at the same time,vaginal examination and cervical directed biopsy were conducted.Results Before LEEP operation,the differences between different levels of CIN HPV load were not significant(P ＞0.05,F =0.45).3 months after operation,CIN Ⅰ grade 19 cases (86.4％) turned to chronic inflammation,CIN Ⅱgrade 36 cases (83.7％) turned to chronic inflammation,CINⅢ grade 13 patients (86.6％) were chronic inflammation.Cervical HPV load postoperatively negative rate was 85％ and the lower HPV load,the higher postoperatively negative rate.Conclusion LEEP is the effective treatment for cervical lesion and can significantly decrease the HPV-DNA loading at cervix.

Metilação genética, neoplasia intraepitelial cervical e câncer do colo uterino / Genetics methylation, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer

O câncer de colo uterino é uma importante causa de morte entre as mulheres em países subdesenvolvidos. A infecção persistente pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV) oncogênico e o comprometimento da resposta imune são fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC) e sua progressão para o câncer cervical invasivo. O diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento das lesões precursoras do câncer são de grande importância. Estudos epigenéticos estão sendo realizados com o objetivo de avaliar sua influencia nos processos de oncogênese, visto que alterações epigenéticas estão presentes em quase todos os tumores. A metilação de DNA e a acetilação de histonas são as duas mudanças epigenéticas mais estudadas. O melhor entendimento do perfil epigenético na neoplasia intraepitelial cervical e no câncer cervical invasor pode ser utilizado no diagnóstico e prognóstico deste câncer. O objetivo desta revisão consistiu em entender as mudanças epigenéticas encontradas até o momento nas pacientes com NIC e câncer de colo uterino. Foi realizada revisão da literatura de estudos indexados em banco de dados, como PubMed e LILACS. Verificou-se que, até o presente momento, não há um marcador de metilação que tenha o desempenho adequado para servir como indicador para as lesões precursoras do câncer, ou mesmo para o carcinoma cervical.

The cervical cancer is a major cause of death among women in developing countries. Persistent infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) and oncogenic involvement of the immune response are risk factors for the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and its progression to invasive cervical cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment of cancer precursor lesions are of great importance. Epigenetic studies are being conducted to evaluate its influence in the process of oncogenesis, since epigenetic alterations are present in almost all tumors. DNA methylation and histone acetylation are the two most studied epigenetic changes. An improved understanding of the epigenetic profile in CIN and invasive cervical cancer can be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of this cancer. The aim of this review was to understand the epigenetic changes found to date in patients with CIN and cervical cancer. We performed a literature review of studies indexed in databases such as PubMed and LILACS. It was found that, to our knowledge, there is no methylation marker with an adequate performance to serve as an indicator for cancer precursor lesions, or even for cervical carcinoma.

Transfection of siRNA into rabbit cervical cells in transformation zone by adopting solid phase in vivo inhibits HPV-DNA replication in SCID mouse with cervical carcinoma / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the possibility of transfecting siRNA into rabbit cervical cells in transformation zone by the method of solid phase in vivo and to verify the effectivity of siRNA transfection by modifying the permeability of the cervical epithelium. METHODS: A sense strand small-interference RNA (siRNA) for human papillomavirus type 16 (21 bp) was designed and labeled with Cy3. siRNA-Lipo2000-carbomer gum was prepared. Twelve rabbits were included in the study and divided into experimental group and control group. In order to modify the permeability of cervical epithelium, hypertonic saline solution at concentration of 200 mmol/L was used to infuse the cervix in the experimental rabbits for 10 min, and normal saline was used for the control animals. The siRNA-Lipo2000-carbomer gum was applied to the surface of the rabbit cervix. Twenty-four hours later, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the cervix was isolated, cut into 2 parts, one part was for rapid frozen sectioning and the efficiency of transfection was observed under fluorescence microscope, another part was prepared by paraffin embedding and sectioning, and the form of cervical histiocytes was observed. Twelve SCID mice with SiHa cell cervical tumor, divided into experimental group and control group, were also used in the study. The mice in experimental group were treated with siRNA-Lipo2000-carbomer gum for 7 d. The control mice were treated with Lipo2000-carbomer gum only. Five days later, the mice were sacrificed and the tumor was collected, and the HPV16-DNA was measured by PCR. RESULTS: (1) Red fluorescence (Cy3) in cervical epithelium was observed in all rabbits. However, no different effect of siRNA transfection was found between the ways of modifying the cervical epithelium permeability. (2) No abnormal change such as flare, swelling and ulcer at all cervical tissue was observed, the cervical cell form was normal. (3) The titer of HPV16-DNA was decreased significantly after siRNA transfection (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Transfection of siRNA into rabbit cervical epithelium in vivo is successful by using the method of solid phase and inhibits the processes of HPV-DNA, indicating that using RNAi is a practical way to treat HPV infection in human cercix and to decrease the incidence of cercical carcinoma.

Association of human papillomavirus infection with other microbial pathogens in gynecology / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To Investigate correlation between screening assay of human papillomavirus (HPV) and microbial pathogens in gynecology. Methods Cervical samples were collected to search for HPV, bacteria and yeast infections in gynecologic outpatients. HPV typing was carried out by PCR and sequencing on cervical brush specimens. Chlamydia trachomatis was identified by strand displacement amplification (SDA) and the other microorganisms were detected by conventional methods. All data were analyzed to investigate the correlation among them. Results In this cross-sectional study, among 857 enrolled outpatients, there were 266 cases with positive HPV DNA, and the rate of infection was 31.0%(266/857). HPV genotype showed that thirty-five different HPV types were identified, of which HPV16 was the most prevalent ( 14.5%, 38/262), followed by HPV58 (9.2%, 24/262), HPV53 (8.0%, 21/262)and HPV42 (6.1%, 16/262); while other genotypes were present in less than 5% of HPV positive women.According to the reclassification, the aggregated percentage (high-risk and probably high-risk) of detected HPV was 58.8% ( 154/262), 27.9% (73/262) for low-risk and 13.4% (35/262) for unknown-risk HPV types. Among HPV positive women, cervical brush specimens results showed that more than 60% cases with normal cytology, 3.8% (10/266) with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 29. 7% (79/266) with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and 3.0% (8/266) with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), respectively. Statistical analyses revealed there was a significant association between the infected HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis or Ureaplasma urealyticum ( >10000 CCU/ml; all P <0.01), while no correlation was found between HPV infection and bacterial vaginosis, streptococcus agalactiae, candida, Trichomonas vaginalis or Ureaplasma urealyticum ( ≤ 10000CCU/ml; all P > 0.05 ). Among the cases with bacterial vaginosis, the positive rate of HPV infected was42.6%. Chlamydia trachomatis was one of the high-risk factors for the infection of HPV ( OR = 2.82, 95%CI: 1.74 -4.57). Mycoplasma hominis was isolated only in 2 cases, no patient was infected with Neisseria gonorrhocae. Conclusions Although bacterial vaginosis was not significantly associated with HPV, it was more common among the HPV positive women. There is the significant association between HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis or Ureaplasma urealyticum which may be increase the infection of HPV. These data suggest that it may be important to screen for the simultaneous presence of different microorganisms which may have synergistic pathological effects.

Expression of human papillomavirus DNA in keratoacanthoma tissue / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To detect the infection rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in keratoacanthoma (KA) tissue, and to study the distribution of HPV DNA-positive cells. Methods In situ hybridization was performed to detect HPV subtypes 6/11, 16/18, and 31/33 in paraffin-embeded tissue samples from 46 patients with KA and 34 nomal human controls. Results Mucosal HPV DNA was positive in 31 (67.39%)of the 46 KA samples, and mixed infection rate of HPV amounted to 83.87% (26/31) in these positive samples.The DNA of tested mucosal HPV types existed mainly in episomal status. Positive reactions were observed within or at the edge of nuclei. HPV infected cells showed a stripe-, slice-like or focal distribution mainly in superficial middle lamina of spinous layer at the bottom or lateral margin of crater-shaped epidermal depression. No mucosal HPV DNA was noted in normal control samples. Conclusions Compared with normal controls, patients with KA are infected with mucosal HPV at a higher frequency, and mucosal HPV DNA mainly exists in episomal status in KA tissue, hinting that HPV infection play a certain role in the pathogenesis of KA.

Clinical analysis of six cases of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia(VAIN).Methods A retrospective study was made of 6 patients with VAIN.who were hospitalized at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1980 to 2006.Results Five cases had a history of hysterectomy,two of whom were because of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)or invasive cervical cancer.Four cases had the infection of high-risk oncogenic human papillomaviruses detected with hybrid capture Ⅱ(HC-Ⅱ),the other two had no record.In all patients the VAIN lesions were within the upper one third of the vagina.They were all diagnosed by colposcopic examination and directed biopsy after the abnormal cytology by thinprep cytology test(TCT).Six cases of VAIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ were treated by excisional surgery.One case had residual lesion and had another surgery 3 months after the first one.Two patients obtained remission at one-year follow-up,three had abnormal cytology by TCT 6 months after surgery,and one had abnormal cytology by TCT at six-month follow-up but normal at one-year follow-up.Conclusions A history of CIN is the main risk factor for VAIN,so routine vaginal cytology is needed for the patients after hysterectomy due to CIN.Cytology,colposcopic examination and directed biopsy are the mainstays of VAIN diagnosis.Excisional surgery is recommended for the patients with VAIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ.Long term follow-up is necessary after treatment.

Expression level and significance of Src-homology2 domain phosphatase-1 and -2 in condyloma acuminatum / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To investigate the different expression pattern of Src-homology2 domain phosphatase (SHP)-1 and SHP-2 in human papiilomavirus (HPV)6/11 infected condyloma acuminatum (CA) and the significance of the difference. Methods HPV6/11 related CA cases were diagnosed by in situ hybridization. The expression and distribution of SHP-1 and SHP-2 were examined by SP immunohistochemistry technique in skin samples from 40 HPV 6/11 positive CA cases and 20 healthy control (foreskins). Results The positive rates of SHP-1 and SHP-2 were 80% and 85% respectively in CA, which were significantly higher than those in healthy control cases (only 35% and 30%, respectively, X2=11.87,P<0.01; X2 =18. 15,P<0. 01) . The SHP-1 and/or SHP-2 positive cells in CA skin lesions were mainly distributed in prickle layer, showing as brown yellow, with the positive staining located in cytoplasm. Contrastively, the SHP-1 and/or SHP-2 positive cells in healthy controls were rare and mainly distributed in basal layer, showing as pale yellow with the positive staining located in cytoplasm. There was no significant correlation between the expression of SHP-1 and SHP-2 in CA( rs = 1.0, P>0.05 ). Conclusion The expressions of SHP-1 and SHP-2 increase in HPV6/11 positive CA, which suggest that with the infection of HPV6/11, SHP-1 and SHP-2 may play a regulatory role in the proliferation of keratinocytes.

Relationship between expression of CDK1,TFF2 and HPV16/18 infection in uterine cervical Carcinomas / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of CDK1,TFF2 and HPV16/18 infection in uterine cervical carcinomas.Methods Formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded samples including 50 cases of squamous cell carcinomas,20 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CINⅡ-Ⅲand 20 cases of CINI and 20 cases of normal cervical tissues were studied.Using Polymer DetectionSystem For Immuno-Histological Staining(PV-9000)as immunohisto-chemical detecting method.the expression of TFF2 and CDK1 in these samples were examined.The infections of HPV type 16,18 DNA were determined by PCR.Results There were significant differences for CDK1 between carcinomas,CIN and normal cervices,respectively(all P＜0.05).Expression of CDKl were correlated with tumor grades(P＜0.05).The positive expression of TFF2 in carcinomas was significantly lower than that in normal cervical tissue and CIN.There was significant differences amongthem(P＜0.05).Expression of TFF2 were correlatedwith age(P＜0.05).Thepositive rate of HPV16/18 was significant difference between cervical carcinomas,CIN and normal tissues(P＜0.05),and it was not associated with age,tumor grades,clinical stages and lymph node metastasis(all P＞0.05).The expression of CDK1 was not associated with TFF2 and HPV16/18(all P＞0.05).The expression of HPV16/18 was associated with TFF2(rs=-0.500,P＜0.05).Conclusions The results suggest that in tissues of CIN and cervical carcinomas in TFF2 and CDK1 expression changes and HPVl6/18 infection interact with each other,which can effect the progression of CIN and carcinogenesis of cervical carcinomas.

The peptide containing the conserved sequence of HPV L1 was used in the detection of polyvalent HPV-positive clinical specimens / 肿瘤

Objective: To confirm that the antiserum induced by short peptide in the region of AA 448-477 at HPV16 L1 C-terminal can respond with many types of HPV L1. Methods: This sutdy synthesized a short peptide containing the conserved sequence of HPV L1 and immunized animal with the synthetic peptide to obtain the polyclonal antiserum. The type of HPV in clinical specimens, such as cervical cancer and condyloma acuminatum tissues, was identified by PCR. ELISA, Western blotting, and inummohistochemistry were used to determine whether the anti-serum of the short peptide could react with different types of HPV-positive specimens. Results: ELISA assay showed that the reaction between antigen and antibody was positive in HPV6, 11, 16, and 18 and other HPV-positive clinical specimens. Western blotting revealed that there was a strip at 56 kDa in all types of HPV-positive clinical specimens, but there was no strip in HPV-negative clinical specimens. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that the histological reaction had varying features in different clinical specimens. The positive-reaction appeared only in the epithelium tissues, which was regional and had apparent borders. Conclusion: This study confirms that the common conserved sequence really has HPV L1 common epitope. Its anti-serum can respond with many types of HPV L1. These findings provide an important basis for further researching a broad-spectrum HPV L1 vaccine or publicizing broad-spectrum HPV detection kits.

The spectrum of HPV infection in Xinjiang Uighur women with cervical cancer / 肿瘤

Objective: To investigate the difference in distribution of subtypes of Human papilloma virus (HPV) between cervical cancer patients and normal controls of Xinjiang Uighur women and analyze the HPV spectrum in Xinjiang Uighur women suffered from cervical cancer. Methods: Three hundred and thirty Uighur women with cervical cancer and one hundred normal healthy women were recruited in this study. Flow-through hybridization and gene chip (HybriMax) technology was used to detect the twenty one subtypes of HPV. Results: (1) The positive rate of HPV infection including simple infection and multiple infection was 85.15% (281/300) and 7.0% (7/100) in cervical cancer group and control group, respectively. The positive rate of HPV16 infection was 94.31% indicating it was the most common infection in HPV-positive cervical cancer patients. The infection rate was 5.34% for HPV18, 3.91% for HPV68, 2.49% for HPV45, 2.49% for HPV58, 2.14% for HPV39, 1.07% for HPV31, 1.07 for HPV56, and 0.36 for HPV59. There was significant difference in the total infection rate and the HPV16 infection rate between cervical cancer patients and controls (P0.05 ). Although the positive rate of multiple infection of HPV tended to increase but the difference was not significant. Conclusion: HPV16 infection was the most common in cervical cancer patients and normal controls of Xinjiang Uighur women. The next most common types of HPV were HPV18 and HPV68. Xinjiang Uighur women had the relatively higher risk of suffering HPV68 infection indicating the specificity of HPV infection in Uighur women.

The effect of silencing HPV16-E6 oncogene by siRNA interference on cervical cancer cells / 肿瘤

Objective: We tried to construct and screen the most effective expression vector of siRNA targeting HPV-E6 oncogene and investigate its long-term influence on HPV-E6 gene expression in cervical cancer cells. Our aim is to discuss the molecular mechanism of E6 gene in the development of cervical cancer and explore the new approach to prevention of HPV infection and saving patients with cervical cancer. Methods: HPV16-E6 siRNA was transfected into CaSki cells mediated by FuGene 6. The expression of HPV16-E6 was detected by western blot; the influence of HPV16-E6 siRNA on cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay; the effect of HPV16-E6 siRNA on cell cycle and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Results: HPV16-E6 siRNA significantly inhibited HPV16-E6 expression, suppressed the proliferation and cell cycle progression, and induced apoptosis of CaSki cervical cancer cells. Conclusion: HPV16-E6 siRNA effectively inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cells at G0/G1 phase, and induced apoptosis in CaSki cells.

The correlation of HPV infection with the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor in non small cell lung cancer / 肿瘤

Objective: To study the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGFR) in non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and discuss their significance in the oncogenesis of lung cancer. Methods: The PCR method was used to detect the HPV infection in 89 cases of NSCLC and 20 cases of benign pulmonary lesions. The immunohistochemicl SP method was used to measure the expressions of VEGF and EGFR in HPV (+) and HPV (-) patients with NSCLC. Results: The infection rate of HPV in NSCLC group (35/89) was significantly higher than that in patients with benign pulmonary lesions (1/20, P = 0. 007). The expression of EGFR and VEGF in HPV (+) group was significantly higher than that in HPV (-) group (P < 0.01). The expression of VEGF had no significant difference between HPV(+), EGFR (+) group and HPV(+), EGFR(-) group. The HPV infection significantly correlated with the differentiation degree and lymphatic metastasis of NSCLC, but did not correlate with the histological type, smoking, sex, and age of patients. The expression of VEGF was associated with the lymphatic metastasis but not with other clinicopathologic parameters. The expression of EGFR had no relationship with clinicopathologic features. Conclusion: HPV infection has a significant correlation with the oncogenesis of NSCLC. The HPV infection stimulates lymphangiogenesis and facilitated lymphatic metastasis of lung cancer by inducing the expression of EGFR and VEGF. Prevention of HPV infection has important significance to decrease the occurrence and reduce early metastasis of lung cancer.

Identificación de mecanismos de transmisión del virus papiloma humano en mujeres infectadas / Identification of transmission mechanisms for human papilloma virus (HPV) in infected women

Introducción: El virus del papiloma humano, es uno de los más frecuentes de trasmisión sexual y conocer los mecanismos de transmisión tiene vital importancia para el control de la incidencia de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de conocimientos de las pacientes con virus del papiloma humano, sobre los mecanismos de transmisión. Metodología: Se incluyeron 109 pacientes subsecuentes y de primera vez que acudieron a la clínica de displasias por diagnóstico de VPH. Para evaluar el nivel de conocimiento, se consideraron tres indicadores: Bueno (>20 aciertos), Regular (16-20 aciertos) y Malo (≤15 aciertos). El cuestionario fue validado por rondas de expertos. Resultados: Del total de pacientes 31.2% tuvo conocimiento bueno, 42.2% regulary 26.6% malo. De 109 pacientes47.7% son de estrato socioeconómico medio bajo, 49.5% con estudios de primaria, casadas 67%, con una pareja sexual 54.1%, con vida sexual activa 44% y 77.1 % no habían recibido pláticas informativas en relación al virus del papiloma humano. Conclusiones: Es evidente la necesidad de implementar nuevas y diversas estrategias dirigidas a la población afectada encaminadas al aprendizaje de los mecanismos de transmisión para incrementar su nivel de conocimiento y coadyuvar en el control de la propagación del virus.

Introduction: HPV is one of the most often sexual transmitted diseases, and knowing the transmission mechanisms is vital to control the incidence of this infection. Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge regarding transmission mechanisms in patients with HPV infection. Methodology: 109 first timers and subsequent patients who showed up to the Displasias Clinic for diagnosis of HPV were included in the study. To evaluate the level of knowledge, three indicators were considered; good (>20 items answered correctly), regular (16-20 items answered correctly), and bad (= or < 15 items answered correctly). The questionnaire was validated by review of experts. Results: From the total, 31.2% patients had good, 42.2% regular, and 26.6% bad knowledge. 47.7% out of 109 patients are half low socioeconomic status; 49.5% with elementary school of education; 67% got married; 54.1% with a single sexual partner; 44% sexual actives; and 77.1% had not received any sort of information talks regarding HPV. Conclusions: It is evident the necessity of implementing new and diverse strategies lead to affected population through learning the transmission mechanisms to increase their level of knowledge and collaborate in the control of virus spreading.

Study of relationship between cervical cancerous and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and HPV infection / 中国基层医药

Objective To determine the relationship between cervical cancerous and precancerous lesions and human papilloma virus(HPV) infection.Methods 158 female patients with abnormal pap smears underwent colpo- scopically directed biopsies and hybrid captureⅡtest.Results HPV infection was distributed in 8.7 % of cervitis, in 34.7 % of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(LSIL) ,in 68.9 % of high-grade squamous intraepithelial le- sion(HSIL) and in 83.3 % of cervical cancer.Conclusion HPV infection was correlated with cervical(cancerous and intraepithelial neoplasia) lesions and increased wi.th the serious degrees of lesions.Hybrid captureⅡtest can work ef- ficiently as a triage of patients with ASCUS,LSIL and HSIL before colposcopically directed biopsies.

Construction and identification of a prokaryotic expression plasmid encoding HPV16E7-HSP70 fusion gene / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To construct a prokaryotic expression plasmid encoding HPV16E7-HSP70 fusion gene for further study on the immunity of HPV16E7- HSP70 fusion protein against laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS HPV16E7 was PCR-amplified,digested by NheI and SacI,and ligated into pET28a. HSP70 was cloned into pGEMTeasy,then recut from the vector by SalI and NotI and ligated into pET28a-HPV16E7. PCR amplification, restrict enzyme digestion, DNA sequencing, IPTG induction and Western Blot were used to identify the recombinant plasmid. RESULTS Double digestion and PCR amplification of the recombinant plas- mid have shown that the size of the inserted fragment is as expected. Sequence analysis has demonstrated that the inserted fragment encodes for the HPV16E7- HSP70 fusion gene. IPTG induction and Western Blot have shown that the fusion protein is expressed suc- cessfully in the prokaryotic expression plasmid. CONCLUSION The recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmid pET28a-HPV16E7-HSP70 has been con- structed successfully.

Comportamiento de la trichomonosis vaginal en un grupo de adolescente

Se estudió un total de 275 adolescentes en las edades comprendidas entre 10 y 19 años procedentes de la consulta infanto-juvenil, de interrupción de embarazos y de infecciones de transmisión sexual del Hospital Docente Ginecoobstérico "Ramón González Coro" y el Hospital "Eusebio Hernández", ambos de Ciudad de La Habana, en el período comprendido de agosto de 1999 a septiembre de 2000, para conocer el comportamiento de la infección por Trichomonas vaginalis en este grupo poblacional. Se reportó 18,1 % de positividad a la parasitosis. Se demostró mediante el cálculo de riesgo relativo que las adolescentes que presentaron una infección activa o pasada por Trichomonas vaginalis tenían más posibilidades de contraer una infección por Papiloma virus humano que las que no presentaban esta condición. Se pudo comprobar que 78 (28,3 %) del total de pacientes examinadas presentaron algún tipo de lesión en el cuello uterino. Se dan a conocer algunos factores de riesgo como el no uso de condón, el tener múltiples parejas sexuales así como el comienzo precoz de las relaciones sexuales; los cuales pueden facilitar la adquisición de esta parasitosis en una población tan vulnerable como son las adolescentes.

275 adolescents aged 10-19 receiving attention at the infantojuvenile department of pregnancy interruption and of sexually transmitted infections of "Ramón Gonzalez Coro" and "Eusebio Hernández" Gynecoobstetric Teaching Hospitals, both in Havana City, were studied from August, 1999, to September, 2000, aimed at knowing the behavior of the infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis in this population group. The results yielded 18.1 % of positivity to parasitosis. It was proved by the calculation of relative risk that the adolescents that had an active or past infection due to Trichomonas vaginalis have more possibilities of getting an infection produced by human Papilomavirus than those without this condition. It was demonstrated that 78 (28.3 %) of the total of patients examined had some type of lesion in the uterine cervix Some risk factors as non using condon, having multiple sexual partners and the early beginning of sexual relations, which may facilitate the adquisition of this parasitosis in a population so vulnerable as the adolescents, were made known..